From http://www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-0544.html
The first 4 bytes are a magic number, 0xCAFEBABe, to identify a valid class file then the next 2 bytes identify the class format version (major and minor).
Possible major/minor value :
major minor Java platform version
45 3 1.0
45 3 1.1
46 0 1.2
47 0 1.3
48 0 1.4
49 0 1.5
50 0 1.6
So, all you need to do is, open the .class file in binary mode in a text editor and look at the first 8 bytes.
For e.g., here are the first 8 bytes (hex) from a .class file: CA FE BA BE 00 00 00 30
This makes it a java class compiled either under JDK1.4, or at the very least, compiled with 1.4 compatibility turned on.